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Interesting Grain Drill Videos
Harvesting Knowledge: Jethro Tull - America's Heartland
How to Make Your Own Lye
Three ingredients combine to make soap: lye, fat and water. Besides an ingredient in soap recipes, lye has other useful applications in the home. As a cleaning agent, it dissolves oil or protein-based deposits. Lye is often used as an oven cleaner component. Lye can strip paint finishes, but will leave wood grain raised. Because it has the ability to dissolve hair and soap, lye is an effective drain cleaner.
Chemically, commercial lye and homemade lye are different. Lye made from wood ash is potassium hydroxide. Lye manufactured for retail is called sodium hydroxide. These two different chemicals cannot be substituted in equal measure. The measurements differ depending on which type of lye you are using in a recipe.
The best ash to use to produce lye (sodium hydroxide) is from hardwoods like oak or maple or fruit trees like apple. Evergreens and pine trees are not suitable woods for ash for this purpose. The wood must be burned at high temperatures with lots of oxygen so that the wood is completely consumed leaving white, paper thin ash, not chunks of charcoal.
You will need enough ashes to fill a lye-safe, waterproof container (non-metal) to within three to four inches of the top rim. Ash containers may be large (wooden barrels) or small (5 gallon buckets).
Two containers (not metal) will be required. The runoff of lye water will be held in one container while the other will be filled with ashes. Near the bottom of your ash bucket, fashion a small hole. To stop the hole Use a non metal object such as a cork, wooden tooth pick, or a small dowel.
A layer of small pea gravel should be placed in the bottom of the ash bucket. On top of this, place about 4 inches of packed straw, hay or grass. Pressing down firmly, fill the rest of the bucket with your wood ashes. Be sure to stop 3 or four inches below the top.
At least five gallons of soft water will be needed, possibly more. Having only trace amounts of minerals classifies water as soft. Sources of soft water include water that is specially filtered, from sandstone, peat or lava rock (granite, for example). Another alternative is to distill the water you have. A simpler method, however, is to just collect rainwater.
Put your ash container in a secure location away from high traffic areas or places that children or animals might bump, or knock it over. The container you will use to catch the runoff can be glass or even an enamel surfaced pan. Lye will react to metal containers and possibly burn holes into them. Position the runoff container so that splashing is minimal.
Lye can be blinding if it touches the eye. Ingestion of lye can be deadly. Potassium hydroxide is a caustic substance that reacts to fats and oil on the skin, causing burns on nearly any surface. This reaction creates salts which can cause severe chemical burns, permanent injury or scarring. Note that lye burns may not hurt right away because the burn may be so severe as to have damaged the nerves (pain receptors) in the skin.
Safety precautions should be undertaken before beginning. Don't work in an enclosed area; make sure you have good air exchange. Look up the contact information for first aid responders and the poison control hotline and keep both nearby. Wear protective clothing. Wear rubber gloves (the big yellow kind), long sleeves, have your legs covered and wear safety goggles. A container of vinegar should be within reach to neutralize burns to the skin. Washing with water worsens the effect of burns to the skin caused by lye.
Use a broom handle or dowel to create an indentation in the packed ashes. Bring 1 gallon of your soft water to a boil. Carefully pour this into the ash bucket. The ash and water will spit, spew and bubble. Add another gallon of water to the ash container when the bubbling diminishes. If the level of the ashes sinks, add more ash to the bucket. Repeat this process until the ashes in the container are covered with water. Place a lid over the top of the ash container.
Unstop the drain hole you drilled into the ash container and allow the liquid to runoff into the other container. This can take a whole day.
Take the runoff from your ash bucket and pour it through again on day two and day three. Your lye will be strengthened by this repetition.
Another option is to leave the container of ash and water sitting. Place the lid on the bucket, leaving it undisturbed for 72 hours. Take care that you choose a location where the bucket won't be tipped. After this time you should drain the bucket.
The resulting liquid is lye water (potassium hydroxide). To check the potency, place a newly laid egg that is still in its shell into the liquid. When the proper strength, your lye solution should cause the egg to float with a portion of its shell exposed with a diameter equaling 2 or 2 1/2 cm's (about the size of a nickel or a quarter). A weak lye solution won't work well in most soap recipes. A weak lye solution will allow the egg to sink. Dilute your lye solution with more rainwater should the egg bob on top of the surfaceindicating that your solution is too strong. Don't use the egg for any purpose; dispose of it after this use.
Heating weak lye water will strengthen your solution by reducing the water content. Enamel finished pans are safe for this as long as they are never again utilized in cooking foods. Watch that you don't burn the lye when you heat the solution. You've reached the proper potency when a chicken feather held to the heated lye solution begins dissolving. Remove the lye water from the heat to cool.
Store lye water in jars with plenty of head room to allow for safety in pouring. Keep in a cool, dark place in tightly sealed containers, away from curious children.
Dispose of the old leached ashes in a hole dug away from high traffic areas. Allow this to cool thoroughly before re-filling the hole.
To make potash crystals, place the lye water in a safe container. You'll find that glass is a good choice for this project. Leave the cover off of your container and allow it to sit exposed to sunlight until the water evaporates and crystals form. Follow the same storage precautions with potash crystals as you would the lye water.
This and other skills are discussed in the new book, The Vision by Debi Pearl, the compelling new novel from international best-selling author who also co-wrote To Train Up A Child and the Good and Evil comic.
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